Federal Income Tax Calculator
Estimate your 2025 federal income tax. Enter income and filing status to see the tax owed, your marginal bracket, and your true effective rate — usually far lower than the bracket.
\ud83e\uddfe File smarter with a top-rated tax tool
Learn moreMarginal vs effective rate
The U.S. uses progressive brackets: only the income inside each band is taxed at that band’s rate. So being “in the 22% bracket” doesn’t mean 22% of all your income — your effective rate (total tax ÷ total income) is almost always meaningfully lower. This estimate is federal only; payroll (FICA) and state taxes are separate.
How it’s calculated & sources
Taxable income = gross income − your deduction (standard amounts: $15,000 single, $30,000 joint, $22,500 head of household). The 2025 federal brackets are applied band by band; effective rate = tax ÷ gross income.
Source: IRS 2025 federal income-tax brackets and standard deductions. For state and take-home figures, see Take-Home Pay by State.
Results update as you type and are general estimates, not personalized financial or tax advice. Verify with a professional.
Worked example
A single filer earning $90,000 takes the $15,000 standard deduction ($75,000 taxable), owes about $11,410, sits in the 22% bracket, but pays only ~12.7% effective.
Frequently asked questions
Is this my total tax?
No — it’s federal income tax only. Social Security and Medicare (FICA, 7.65%) and any state income tax are on top.
Why is my effective rate so much lower than my bracket?
Because only the dollars inside each bracket are taxed at that rate, and your deduction shelters the first chunk entirely.
Standard or itemized?
Most people take the standard deduction; itemize only if your deductible expenses (mortgage interest, SALT, charity) exceed it.
Get the free Money Pack
One email with our spreadsheets and new calculators. No spam.
Thanks! Check your inbox to confirm. (Demo form.)